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Sometimes you need to encode special characters in your projects. – I often do, while writing in Portuguese that uses “special” Latin characters. For those cases there is a standard rule called ISO-8859-1
ISO-8859-1 is the default character set in most browsers.
The first 128 characters of ISO-8859-1 is the original ASCII character-set (the numbers from 0-9, the uppercase and lowercase English alphabet, and some special characters).
The higher part of ISO-8859-1 (codes from 160-255) contains the characters used in Western European countries and some commonly used special characters.
Entities are used to implement reserved characters or to express characters that cannot easily be entered with the keyboard.
Reserved Characters in HTML
Some characters are reserved in HTML and XHTML. For example, you cannot use the greater than or less than signs within your text because the browser could mistake them for markup.
Read the full article in: www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_entities.asp
